The resilience of multilateralism in the modern international order: between unilateral erosion and institutional reconfiguration
March 25, 2026
Multilateralism is a fundamental part of the liberal international order, as theorised by scholars like Robert Keohane and G. John Ikenberry, who emphasise its importance in reducing transaction costs, producing global public goods, and stabilising expectations among state actors. From this perspective, the notion of a unilateral reorganisation of multilateral